This 2026, I started the year going all-in on AI, as is the new kid on the block. Also, if I listen to X, if I don’t do anything, it is going to replace me. Since I am doing it and, to be honest, it is extremely fun, I decided to blog about it. Curiously, I had written about the subject back in in 2023, my general opinion did not change, but it is very interesting to see how AI and my usage developed from those times.
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So, you are trying to grasp the concept of monads. If you are learning functional programming, understanding monads is a kind of rite of passage. Looking for monads on Google can be a bit daunting. The concept comes from category theory, so there are a lot of explanations starting from there. However, in this tutorial we are staying away from category theory and addressing them from the developer’s point of view.
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If you are new to functional programming in Scala, you probably have encountered libraries like cats-effect and ZIO. If you are attentive to the news in the Scala ecosystem, you have also heard that there is even a new kid on the block in the effect system neighbourhood, Kyo. What are they and why do we need them? In this post, we are digging into that question.
If you go to the cats-effect website it reads: “The pure asynchronous runtime for Scala”, the zio web site states “Type-safe, composable asynchronous and concurrent programming for Scala”.
The goal of this tutorial is to setup a fullstack app in Scala 3. The idea of this tutorial is to learn and understand the different pieces needed for a fullstack app in Scala. Thus, we are going through each step and explaining our every choice. We also link to relevant documentation.
There are several components that you will need to have your fullstack app:
The architecture is simple, but we also need some supporting infrastructure:
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You’ve recently started learning functional programming and have been successful in writing functions, but then something unexpected happens. A wild functor appears! What is that? Why is it here?
Don’t be scared, functors are a mathematical structure that arises from category theory, and they can be found everywhere in functional programming. For those of you who don’t know category theory, this will give you enough knowledge to understand functors and use them to program.
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